Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermatological disorders globally,
affecting up to 85% of adolescents and young adults. Propionibacterium acnes
plays a central role in acne pathogenesis through its virulence factors, including
sialidase and CAMP (Christie-Atkins-Munch-Petersen) factor. Current treatments,
including antibiotics and topical therapies, often fail due to resistance and
recurrence, highlighting the need for preventive strategies such as vaccination.
This review explores advances in recombinant protein-based vaccine candidates
targeting P. acnes, emphasizing chimeric constructs that combine multiple
antigens to enhance immunogenicity. Preclinical studies in murine models indicate
that these vaccines can elicit strong humoral and cellular immune responses,
reduce inflammation, and provide proof-of-concept for future clinical translation.
Challenges in antigen selection, safety, and delivery methods are discussed, and
directions for future research are highlighted.